Online PT-141

every claim, traceable

PT-141 references: the sources behind the digest.

The peer-reviewed studies, reviews, and the FDA label this site cites, with identifiers to verify each one.

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How to read this list

Every quantitative clinical claim on this site maps to a numbered source below. The list spans the foundational pharmacology, the two RECONNECT Phase 3 trials and their long-term extension, the mechanistic neuroimaging work, the critical re-analysis, the FDA prescribing information, and the recent comparative-therapeutics literature on HSDD. Where a source has a DOI, PMID, NCT, or NDA, it is given so you can check it directly. The one part of this site that is not cited — the clearly-labeled community field-reports sections on /research and /side-effects — is marked as unverified throughout and appears in no entry below. This is editorial commentary on publicly available science. It is not medical advice and recommends no dose for anyone. See the FDA approval and label scope reflected in entry 6.

  1. Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. ↗
  2. Pfaus J, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10201-10204. ↗
  3. Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. ↗
  4. Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):909-917. ↗
  5. Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, Wall MB, Ertl N, Phylactou M, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e152341. ↗
  6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration / DailyMed. Bremelanotide Injection — US Prescribing Information. 2019. ↗
  7. Kim S, Cho MC, Cho SY, Chung H, Rajasekaran MR. Novel Emerging Therapies for Erectile Dysfunction. World J Mens Health. 2021;39(1):48-64. ↗
  8. Cipriani S, Maseroli E, Vignozzi L. An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023;24(1):15-21. ↗
  9. Koochaki P, Revicki D, Wilson H, Pokrzywinski R, Jordan R, Lucas J, Williams LA. The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021;30(4):587-595. ↗
  10. Spielmans GI. Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for "Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder" in Women. J Sex Res. 2021;58(9):1085-1105. ↗
  11. Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MA, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025;110299. ↗
  12. Vereecken S, et al. Comparative Analysis of Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Testosterone Therapy for Female Sexual Dysfunction (abstract 396). J Sex Med. 2025. ↗
  13. How A, Simon JA. Novel Pharmacologic Treatments of Female Sexual Dysfunction. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2025. ↗
  14. Rowen T, et al. Evaluation and management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Recommendations from a multidisciplinary panel. Sex Med Rev. 2026. ↗